Peter Lindman is a San Francisco-based musician known for his acoustic performances featuring covers from the glorious sixties along with some original songs. He plays solo or with electric guitar accompaniment, delivering soulful, nostalgic Americana tunes in intimate local venues.

Ricky Bobby is no ordinary cover band. This fabulous bay area trio (guitar, voice and cello) delivers a repertoire that spans decades and genres. They breathe new life into the songs you know and love. Whether they are crooning the classics, putting a fresh spin on contemporary hits or singing one of a kind original...

Wayston’e jazz jam is every Monday, 6-9pm. Whether you’re a spectator, jazz lover or musician this is for you.

Flavio Souza performs weekly on Mondays at Etcetera Wine bar. Born in São Paulo, Brazil, Flavio started music at 14 years old. His main influences were great musicians such as Chick Corea, Bill Evans, Oscar Peterson, Jimmy Smith, Joey DeFrancesco, Joe Satriani, Sandro Haick and others. He is the owner of Studio Plano 7, which...

Get ready to groove to smooth jazz tunes and sip on cocktails at the coolest spot in town - it's Jazz Nights @ Novela!

Barbary Coast Jazz Band performs every other Monday! Bob Schulz - Lead/Cornet Don Neely - Reeds Clint Baker - Trombone Bill Reinhart - Tuba Scott Anthony - Banjo Marty Eggers - Piano

The Dirty Works Jazz Band brings its weekly jam session to Persona. Led by upright bassist Kyle Finley, these "Dirty Works & Friends" nights transform the North Beach venue into a buzzing jazz laboratory. Far from a casual background set, this is a professional performance environment where the house band sets a high bar before...

Step into the inner circle of the city's music scene with THE San Francisco Invitational Jam at Tupelo. Held every Monday night from 9:00 PM – 1:00 AM, this is widely considered the definitive jam session for professional players and serious students of the craft. Hosted by the "nastiest rhythm section this side of South...

Stan Erhart and his band bring their signature mix of guitar-driven grooves to The Saloon for their monthly residency. As a long-standing fixture of the San Francisco music scene, Erhart delivers a performance with the raw energy required for the oldest bar in the city. The Sound: A blend of roots rock, blues, and funk....

Electrifying, Innovative, Soulful GG Amos has entertained audiences her entire life, but she’s made blues and blues guitar her specialty for the past 35 years. Concert halls, nightclubs, roadhouses, restaurants, festivals, parties, wineries, weddings and wakes she’s played them all! She’s known as a riveting, electrifying performer and unique songwriter and arranger, focusing on the...

Get ready for a chill night mixing smooth jazz vibes with some down-home country tunes featuring Joe Dileo and Travis Geyer on guitars. Enjoy Richmond Special playing some country, swing, jazz and blues while sipping on your wine at Etcetera in the Mission.

Bonjour Silly Americans! SF-based Catherine DeNuvaring is a duo that plays vintage trashy tunes like they're punk rock in the original French, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, German, and Italian. We play toy-looking instruments, but we go hard and loud. Mais oui! Join us at Otherwise Brewing on March 17th for Saint Patrick’s Day shenanigans.

Transport yourself to a 1930s sidewalk café in Montmartre as North Beach Django takes residency at Paris 75 every Tuesday. Located on the edge of the historic Broadway corridor, this charming French lounge provides the perfect backdrop for the "Hot Club" sound. With its selection of authentic French cocktails and wines, the venue feels less...

Step back in time at Comstock Saloon, where the Hal Bigler Band holds court every Tuesday night from 8:00 PM to 11:00 PM. Set in a meticulously restored 1907 building at the crossroads of North Beach and Chinatown, this residency perfectly matches the band's vintage sound with a setting of intricate carved wood, cozy booths,...

Live every Tuesday exclusively at Local Edition! The Local Edition Jazz Orchestra is a diverse group of long-time friends that have played alongside one another for years. The ensemble ranges from having as little as 8 to as many as 18 participants performing with occasional guest singers such as Billy Valentine, Bud E. Luv (aka...

Drummer/Vibraphonist/Saxophonist Smith Dobson V has been performing in the Bay Area for nearly twenty years. Originally from Santa Cruz, Ca., Dobson is a member of an important Jazz family. His father, the late Smith Dobson IV, was a world renown Pianist and director of the Jazz series at the Garden City in San Jose for...

Lisa Kindred is a renowned blues, folk, and rock singer based in Mill Valley, California, widely admired for her soulful voice and deep connection to blues music. She grew up in Buffalo, New York, and immersed herself in the Greenwich Village folk scene of the 1960s, often sharing the stage with legends like Bob Dylan....

Jose Simioni Trio's live performance at The Saloon from 4:30pm to 6:30pm with Dylan Garrison on drums and Tony Stead on the organ.

Looking for the perfect weekly escape? Join us at Scopo Divino as we welcome Le Jazz Hot, playing live every week! Le Jazz Hot is comprised of members from the internationally renowned Hot Club of San Francisco. These musicians are masters of Gypsy Jazz, a truly unique and joyful style pioneered by the legendary Django...

An open gathering of writers, poets, artists and more around the Big Table at Specs every Wednesday from 6:30-8:30pm! This more than 40 year tradition began with writers Jack Hirschman and Agneta Falk, and continues on with hosts Agneta and writers Byron Spooner and Judith Bernhard. Join us for drinks, laughs, good conversation and become...

Break up the work week with an evening of live jazz at Ti Piacera! Every Wednesday from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm, this cozy Polk Street destination hosts a rotating selection of talented local jazz ensembles. While the specific band changes from week to week, you can always expect a high-quality musical experience featuring some...

Ian Alexander brings a touch of refined elegance to the Sheba Piano Lounge. Known for his lyrical touch and tasteful arrangements, pianist Ian Alexander leads an ensemble that perfectly bridges the gap between classic jazz standards and contemporary exploration. Set within the warm, tropical-inspired interior of the Fillmore’s premier jazz destination, this performance offers a...

Celebrate Greg Rahn’s Side Hustle Album Release Party—an electrifying night of jazz, blues & fusion at Biscuits & Blues!

Rotating jazz bands Happy Hour 4-7 20% off menu

Experience the resurgence of San Francisco’s historic Chinatown nightlife at the Lion’s Den.  Tucked away on Wentworth Place, this bi-level lounge and performance space blends modern cocktail culture with the East meets West spirit of the Chinatown’s golden age. Every week, the venue transforms into a unique destination for live music, featuring a rotating roster...

Turn your midweek slump into a vibe at Persona SF! Every Wednesday at 8 PM, the Magic School Busk brings an electrifying fusion of Funk, Soul, Latin, Afro, and more to keep the energy high all night long. Let the rhythm elevate your evening as this dynamic collective delivers a genre-blending experience that’s impossible to...

This is a drop in jazz jam session, led by rotating musicians. Come catch the next generation of jazz cats and be transported back in time to the 1920’s.

Various young Bay Area musicians come together for live Jazz at Local Edition!

Andrew recently released his fourth album of original music, incorporating his jazz roots while also exploring new musical territories. This latest album, Mind Noise, is even more avant-garde than his previous works. Having grown up in Chicago and performed extensively around the world, he has developed a fresh and distinctive sound that sets him apart...

The Peninsula Project brings a high-energy, "jumpin’" jazz experience to the historic Comstock Saloon every Wednesday from 8:00 PM – 11:00 PM. Led by pianist and vocalist Eric Shifrin, this quartet specializes in a blend of swing, stride, and classic jazz that feels perfectly at home in one of the city’s oldest and most atmospheric...

The Door Slammers are the legendary blues-rock band founded by the late Johnny Nitro, a cornerstone of the San Francisco North Beach blues scene. Known for their gritty guitar-driven sound and soulful performances, they played regularly at The Saloon and influenced Bay Area blues for over three decades, mentoring many local musicians. The band continues...

The G-Riders are a San Francisco-based ensemble composed of veteran musicians from the Bay Area blues and gospel-soul communities. Takezo (Guitar/Vocals): Leads the group with a focus on traditional blues and soulful vocal delivery. Kit Roscoe (Guitar): Provides additional guitar work, contributing to the band’s layered blues sound. Dave Mehrwine (Keyboard): Handles the keys, grounding...

​Viajó de la Música celebrates Latin Jazz with Saxophonist Renner leads this jazz quartet, featuring educated, creative, and expressive musicians primarily from the East Bay. Viva Bossa Nova!

Pepe Fuego brings his signature rhythmic fire to the Sheba Piano Lounge. Known for blending the percussive traditions of Latin jazz with modern improvisation, Pepe Fuego transforms the intimate Fillmore lounge into a tropical escape. The Sound: Pepe Fuego’s sets are a masterful exploration of Afro-Cuban rhythms, salsa, and Latin jazz. Expect a night of...

Katy Stephan is a pianist, vocalist, and composer. She has composed and performed live original music for theatre (Porchlight Theatre, Word For Word, Upon These Boards, Azeotrope Theatre), dance (Project Agora, Copious Dance, Theatre, Counterpointe, and Requisite Dance), as well as burlesque and circus. A collection of original songs that Katy recorded at home for...

Rotating jazz bands Happy Hour 4-7 20% off menu

Experience the resurgence of San Francisco’s historic Chinatown nightlife at the Lion’s Den.  Tucked away on Wentworth Place, this bi-level lounge and performance space blends modern cocktail culture with the East meets West spirit of the Chinatown’s golden age. Every week, the venue transforms into a unique destination for live music, featuring a rotating roster...

James Gallagher is an American jazz drummer and educator from Northern California, currently living in Manhattan. He is a resident performer at the prestigious SFJazz Center. After attending Berklee College of Music in Boston on a scholarship, James returned to the West Coast, where he quickly began performing regularly around San Francisco with the top...

Jazz Trio, Jason Movrich & Friends playing their Blues, Soul and Funk tunes. Jason Movrich vocals and guitar Joe Carusi on drums Eric Goodwill on bass

Mike Olmos has become one the most in demand jazz musicians in the San Francisco Bay Area while maintaining a frequent national and international performance/touring schedule. In the Bay, Mike has been performing with various bands such as the Marcus Shelby Jazz Orchestra, Lavay Smith and her Red Hot Skillet Lickers, Pete Escovedo, Wil Blades,...

“It’s vaudevillian in its delivery, dark and soaring at once.” - SF Fun Cheap Parlor Tricks is the world's first and foremost industrial ragtime band, a hot-music quartet led with sultry vocals, resonator guitar, upright bass and horn or drums. The music is a mix of swing, jazz standards, vaudeville and originals -- all distinguished...

The Lucky Losers are San Francisco’s premier six-piece blues-soul band. Fronted by fiery Dallas-raised vocalist Cathy Lemons and New Jersey harmonica master/vocalist Phil Berkowitz, the group delivers a throwback mix of blues, soul, rock, gospel, and Americana with impassioned vocals and electrifying interplay. Lucky Losers Jon Otis - Drums Edgar San Gabriel - Bass Chris...

Katy Stephan is a pianist, vocalist, and composer. She has composed and performed live original music for theatre (Porchlight Theatre, Word For Word, Upon These Boards, Azeotrope Theatre), dance (Project Agora, Copious Dance, Theatre, Counterpointe, and Requisite Dance), as well as burlesque and circus. A collection of original songs that Katy recorded at home for...

Experience the ultimate "living theater" of North Beach as The Magic School Busk takes up their weekly residency directly in front of The Red Window. Positioned at the vibrant, sun-soaked corner of Stockton and Columbus, this high-energy busking collective captures the spontaneous spirit of the neighborhood. The performance is a masterclass in Street Swing and...

Hipsteria is one of San Francisco’s favorite jazz, soul and party bands! Members of Hipsteria have included some of music’s legendary musicians! Featuring “Tender Tim” on drums and some vocals Hipsteria plays every Friday at Etcetera Wine bar.

Alabama-born Mike Benjamin—a hard-driving, gospel-tinged blues singer, Bay Area’s 'Future of the Blues' with soulful power & roots.

Experience the authentic sounds of soul and funk with the OG Rhythm & Blues Band at the Sheba Piano Lounge from 7:30-10:30pm. this veteran ensemble brings a rich, classic energy to the historic Fillmore District. The group is a mainstay of Sheba’s rotation, known for their deep pockets and an infectious repertoire that honors the neighborhood’s...

Two-time Latin Grammy nominee Eddy Navia and Quentin Navia are joined by master violinist Georges Lammam, dancers and dancing. Their performances blend the charango (a traditional ten-string instrument), haunting sounds of panpipes (zampoñas) and notched flutes (kena) with high-energy rhythms. You don’t need a plane ticket to experience a "little piece of South American carnaval,"...

Gaucho is a masterful Bay Area band that combines the influence of gypsy jazz of 1930’s Europe with the rhythmic drive and collective improvisation of New Orleans swing music, gutbucket blues and elements of ragtime. Their sound, a uniquely American concoction, blends instrumental acuity and lighthearted humor that keep their audience coming back for more....

Experience the resurgence of San Francisco’s historic Chinatown nightlife at the Lion’s Den.  Tucked away on Wentworth Place, this bi-level lounge and performance space blends modern cocktail culture with the East meets West spirit of the Chinatown’s golden age. Every week, the venue transforms into a unique destination for live music, featuring a rotating roster...

Ladies and Gentemen, introducing Fog City Swing! The bay area's newest and hottest swing band featuring an electrifying three horn front line, stellar crooning vocals, and a swing till you drop rhythm section. This seven piece ensemble will transport you to the 1940’s, it is truly the world’s smallest big band! Fog City Swing is...

Wobbly World members are distinguished musicians from around the world who left their country for the American dream, became citizens, and fully embraced the spirit of freedom and American traditions. We believe in the power of collaboration, unity, and equality and live and breathe it in our daily lives. We are musicians and singers from...

Oakland native Isaac Schwartz has been playing drums since age 12. Isaac has toured the United States and Europe as well as playing many top venues around the Bay Area. This includes Yoshi's, Sf Jazz, The Fox Theater, The Sound Room, Keys Jazz Bistro, Campbell Recital Hall, Blue Note Napa, and much much more. Isaac...

Alabama-born Mike Benjamin—a hard-driving, gospel-tinged blues singer, Bay Area’s 'Future of the Blues' with soulful power & roots.

Shad Harris is a versatile multi-instrumentalist and blues vocalist based in California, renowned for his soulful keytar performances and leadership of The Groovenators, a band blending West Coast blues with funk. With a career spanning back to 1966, he has played with legends like Etta James and Charlie Musselwhite. He performs regularly in San Francisco...

Get ready to hit the dance floor as Cougar Unleashed brings the best of the Bay Area’s funky soul and R&B to Tupelo. Led by the charismatic Rhonda "Cougar" Crouch, this powerhouse ensemble is known for its high-octane "party band" energy and a setlist that spans from soulful deep-cuts to classic rock anthems. This is...

Sheldon Alexander is a professional drummer, educator, and composer from the bay area that specializes in Jazz, R&B, Funk, Soul and other Afro-Rooted genres. With his strong musical background, he received his undergraduate degree from the prestigious California Jazz Conservatory in Berkley, California. Through dedication, passion, and an unwavering commitment to his craft, Sheldon has...

Transport yourself to the Rive Gauche without leaving Fillmore Street. Chouquet's invites you to experience "Jazz on the Patio," a long-standing neighborhood tradition that pairs world-class live music with the breezy elegance of a classic French bistro. Set against the backdrop of one of San Francisco’s most iconic shopping corridors, this event offers a high-fidelity...

Experience the ultimate "living theater" of North Beach as The Magic School Busk takes up their weekly residency directly in front of The Red Window. Positioned at the vibrant, sun-soaked corner of Stockton and Columbus, this high-energy busking collective captures the spontaneous spirit of the neighborhood. The performance is a masterclass in Street Swing and...

North Beach New Orleans

Spend your Saturday afternoon in the heart of the Mission with The Henry Co., a local San Francisco ensemble known for their soulful, laid-back instrumental and vocal grooves. These sessions have become a staple of the Casements weekend lineup, offering a perfect "day-drinking" soundtrack that blends the sophistication of a jazz club with the relaxed...

This masterfully rich instrumentation, is both complex and precise, gritty and hot. The Samurai Gypsies are taking their music with african, flamenco, latin and jazz roots into some deliciously sexy and cerebral places. Join us for a great night of music 4-7pm. https://youtu.be/GR8VfcFeEq4

The Dave Matthews Blues Band was established in 2002 by David S. Matthews, an East Bay harmonica player (since 1982). The band plays standard blues covers such as “Sweet Home Chicago” in addition to well-known dance tunes like “I’ll Take You There,” and “Feeling Allright.” Aubrey Rose - Guitar David Matthews - Harmonica/Vocals Felix Bannon...

Si Butler Guitar trio (guitar, acoustic bass, drums) plays modern jazz standards, funk, Brazilian.

Radio Sophia is an instrumental musical collaboration between David Boyce (Saxophones, Loops, Effects), Michael Cavaseno (Guitar, Loops, Effects) and Zori Marinova (Percussion: Congas, Bongos, Cajon, Etc). The trio's sound can be described as Groovy, Soulful Mix of Jazz, Pop, RnB and World Music. And plays weekly on Saturday’s at Etcetera Wine bar. Radio Sofia has...

Christophe Carington is a San Francisco based American jazz guitarist, composer, and arranger – mixing the sounds of Traditional Jazz with Latin, Eastern European folk, and Classical to forge his own energetic, yet romantic style of acoustic guitar playing. Experiencing Carington Swing live is to be transported back to a 1930's Parisian café. Their fiery,...

Experience a masterclass in American roots music as the incomparable Barbara Gainer takes the stage at Sheba Piano Lounge. A beloved figure in the San Francisco creative community, Gainer is known for a voice that is as rich and expressive as the history of the neighborhood itself. Her performances offer a smooth, soulful journey through...

Experience the resurgence of San Francisco’s historic Chinatown nightlife at the Lion’s Den.  Tucked away on Wentworth Place, this bi-level lounge and performance space blends modern cocktail culture with the East meets West spirit of the Chinatown’s golden age. Every week, the venue transforms into a unique destination for live music, featuring a rotating roster...

This Saturday, join two-time Latin Grammy nominee Eddy Nadia, Pachamama band, Andean costumed dancers and special guest master violinist Georges Lammam for a magical, musical night in a historic speakeasy.

Lose yourself in Bay Area’s Tracy Cruz’s spirit filled, rich candied vocals; she is a full-time musical artist, songwriter and vocal coach, taking home over 40 prestigious music awards such as the 2022 Intercontinental Music Awards for “Best of North America in the R&B genre”, 2022 Josie Music Award for “Vocalist of the Year” (R&B/Soul),...

Comstock Saloon continues its tradition of hosting the city’s most compelling musical "finds" with Cliff Meyers & Friends. A fixture of the Bay Area’s more experimental and groove-heavy jazz circles, Meyers brings a collective energy to the room that transforms the historic saloon into a vibrant, modern listening space. The Music: Cliff Meyers is known...

The Oakland Jazz Funk Project believes  jazz is a living language that continues to grow and evolve.  Jazz didn't die in 1959.  It lives on in funk, neo-soul, R&B, fusion,  jazz-funk and so much more. OJFP honors and plays it all, from straight-ahead jazz to 70's funk to contemporary neo-soul.  Jazz lives on and OJFP...

II Funk ky Shu’s wit Nu Soles is a powerhouse R&B, soul, and funk ensemble that has become a cornerstone of the North Beach live music scene. Led by the deep, rhythmic grooves of Shepard on bass and the commanding, soulful vocals of Tambora, the band is celebrated for their "all-killer, no-filler" sets. Whether they...

Jinx Jones has been twice nominated for Male Rockabilly Artist of the Year by the Ameripolitan Music Awards, has received gold and platinum record awards for his work with R&B divas, En Vogue, has won songwriting awards and has been recognized as one of the hottest acts on the San Francisco music scene. In Jinx...

Keeping folks up past 10 pm in SF is no easy feat, but Key’s owner Simon Rowe has been showcasing the best of the Bay Area’s organ trios in his late night Saturday sets. His ‘Transcendent Trio’, formed for a “Jazz on the Patio” residency during the pandemic will feature the dynamic Kai Lyons- guitar,...

Transport yourself to the Rive Gauche without leaving Fillmore Street. Chouquet's invites you to experience "Jazz on the Patio," a long-standing neighborhood tradition that pairs world-class live music with the breezy elegance of a classic French bistro. Set against the backdrop of one of San Francisco’s most iconic shopping corridors, this event offers a high-fidelity...

Experience the ultimate "living theater" of North Beach as The Magic School Busk takes up their weekly residency directly in front of The Red Window. Positioned at the vibrant, sun-soaked corner of Stockton and Columbus, this high-energy busking collective captures the spontaneous spirit of the neighborhood. The performance is a masterclass in Street Swing and...

The Lucky Horseshoe hosts its long-standing Bluegrass Jam every Sunday afternoon. Unlike a typical circle jam, this is a unique "performance" jam where musicians take to the stage to play into microphones for a live crowd. It’s an intermediate-to-advanced level session that brings together the best of the Bay Area’s roots and bluegrass community, turning...

Live Music is BACK at Pier 23 Cafe! Join us for a fun afternoon filled with jammin’ blues sounds from professional musicians and budding artists. We are supporting local talent on all levels. Grab a drink, a bite and be ready to dance. Bring your friends, we can’t wait to see you.

Blues Power is a San Francisco blues project led by Mark Naftalin, known as a legendary pianist, producer, and blues advocate. The core band members typically include Mark Naftalin on keyboards, along with a rotating lineup of top Bay Area blues musicians such as bassist Dave McDaniel and drummer Sam Chapman. Blues Power is celebrated...

Relax and unwind from the week with us every other Sunday with the classic jazz vocal stylings of @marissa_m_sings and a rotating cast of friends on musical accompaniment. Because Sundays at Otherwise Brewing are just better with sunshine, drinks, and live music.

Twango SF plays every Sunday evening at Etcetera Wine bar. This gypsy jazz group that plays hot swing music in the style of Django Reinhardt.

Michael Potter is a jazz pianist and composer who strives to bring joy to audiences through inspired original compositions and creative arrangements. He studied with pianist Edward Simon at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music from 2018 to 2022, and subsequently spent two years in Tokyo before returning to the Bay Area in 2025. Along...

Meet the owners of Peña Pachamama, co-founders of SUKAY & Savia Andina. Every Sunday, Eddy Navia & Quentin Navia invite you into the heart of Peña Pachamama 𝗛𝗮𝗽𝗽𝘆 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝘆

Sweden’s Queen of Swing, Gunhild Carling, is a jazz multi-instrumentalist, singer, and showwoman known for her electrifying performances.

Live Cuban jam session every 4th Sunday w/Guajirón band at Bissap Baobab! Come to dance or jump in and jam — it's free! Whether you're a musician ready to sit in or a dancer looking for a groove, this night is all about sharing rhythm, culture, and vibes with the community. What to expect:– Open...

Bohemian Knuckleboogie is a unique San Francisco an eclectic and high-octane mix of Blues, Funk, and Neo-soul playing weekly Sundays at Sheba Piano Lounge. Featuring Elaine Alt on Saxophone, Miles Spearman on Trumpet, Rob Bassinette on Bass, and Gary Williams on Drums. Bohemian Knuckleboogie carries on the torch for former band lead RIP Mike Pitre’s...

Experience the resurgence of San Francisco’s historic Chinatown nightlife at the Lion’s Den.  Tucked away on Wentworth Place, this bi-level lounge and performance space blends modern cocktail culture with the East meets West spirit of the Chinatown’s golden age. Every week, the venue transforms into a unique destination for live music, featuring a rotating roster...

End your week with a rhythmic bang at the Sunday Artist Series, a weekly institution at Tupelo that transforms North Beach into a soulful dance party. Hosted by the versatile Shawn Stein, this residency is built around an "all-pro" house band that provides a world-class foundation for a rotating cast of the Bay Area’s most...

Cap off your weekend with an electrifying explosion of rhythm as the Magic School Busk Latin Collective takes over Persona every Sunday night. While the "Busk" is famous for their daytime street-side swing in North Beach, their Sunday residency at this sleek Lower Nob Hill lounge pivots into a high-fidelity exploration of the Afro-Latin diaspora....

Live jazz with accomplished Bay Area based saxophonist and bandleader Danny Brown and his trio

Sweden’s Queen of Swing, Gunhild Carling, is a jazz multi-instrumentalist, singer, and showwoman known for her electrifying performances.

Otilia Donaire is a powerhouse San Francisco-born blues-rock singer and bandleader known for her sultry, gritty vocals and dynamic stage presence. With blues roots and a soulful, funk-driven sound, she captivates audiences across the Bay Area. Her acclaimed album "Bluesin’ It Up" showcases her rich, emotional storytelling and energetic performances.